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The conditionality principle is a Fisherian principle of statistical inference that Allan Birnbaum formally defined and studied in his 1962 JASA article. Informally, the conditionality principle can be taken as the claim that experiments which were not actually performed are statistically irrelevant. Together with the sufficiency principle, Birnbaum's version of the principle implies the famous likelihood principle. Although the relevance of the proof to data analysis remains controversial among statisticians, many Bayesians and likelihoodists consider the likelihood principle foundational for statistical inference. ==Formulation== The conditionality principle makes an assertion about an experiment ''E'' that can be described as a mixture of several component experiments ''Eh'' where ''h'' is an ancillary statistic (i.e. a statistic whose probability distribution does not depend on unknown parameter values). This means that observing a specific outcome ''x'' of experiment ''E'' is equivalent to observing the value of ''h'' and taking an observation ''xh'' from the component experiment ''Eh''. The conditionality principle can be formally stated thus: Conditionality Principle: If ''E'' is any experiment having the form of a mixture of component experiments ''Eh'', then for each outcome of ''E'', () the evidential meaning of any outcome ''x'' of any mixture experiment ''E'' is the same as that of the corresponding outcome ''xh'' of the corresponding component experiment ''Eh'', ignoring the over-all structure of the mixed experiment (See Birnbaum 1962). An illustration of the conditionality principle, in a bioinformatics context, is given by Barker (2014).〔Barker, D. (2014) ("Seeing the wood for the trees: philosophical aspects of classical, Bayesian and likelihood approaches in statistical inference and some implications for phylogenetic analysis" ). Biology and Philosophy, Online First. doi:10.1007/s10539-014-9455-x〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Conditionality principle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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